be

.gitignore

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+## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
+## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
+##
+## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
+
+# User-specific files
+*.rsuser
+*.suo
+*.user
+*.userosscache
+*.sln.docstates
+
+# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
+*.userprefs
+
+# Mono auto generated files
+mono_crash.*
+
+# Build results
+[Dd]ebug/
+[Dd]ebugPublic/
+[Rr]elease/
+[Rr]eleases/
+x64/
+x86/
+[Ww][Ii][Nn]32/
+[Aa][Rr][Mm]/
+[Aa][Rr][Mm]64/
+bld/
+[Bb]in/
+[Oo]bj/
+[Oo]ut/
+[Ll]og/
+[Ll]ogs/
+
+# Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
+.vs/
+# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
+#wwwroot/
+
+# Visual Studio 2017 auto generated files
+Generated\ Files/
+
+# MSTest test Results
+[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
+[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
+
+# NUnit
+*.VisualState.xml
+TestResult.xml
+nunit-*.xml
+
+# Build Results of an ATL Project
+[Dd]ebugPS/
+[Rr]eleasePS/
+dlldata.c
+
+# Benchmark Results
+BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
+
+# .NET Core
+project.lock.json
+project.fragment.lock.json
+artifacts/
+
+# ASP.NET Scaffolding
+ScaffoldingReadMe.txt
+
+# StyleCop
+StyleCopReport.xml
+
+# Files built by Visual Studio
+*_i.c
+*_p.c
+*_h.h
+*.ilk
+*.meta
+*.obj
+*.iobj
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.ipdb
+*.pgc
+*.pgd
+*.rsp
+*.sbr
+*.tlb
+*.tli
+*.tlh
+*.tmp
+*.tmp_proj
+*_wpftmp.csproj
+*.log
+*.vspscc
+*.vssscc
+.builds
+*.pidb
+*.svclog
+*.scc
+
+# Chutzpah Test files
+_Chutzpah*
+
+# Visual C++ cache files
+ipch/
+*.aps
+*.ncb
+*.opendb
+*.opensdf
+*.sdf
+*.cachefile
+*.VC.db
+*.VC.VC.opendb
+
+# Visual Studio profiler
+*.psess
+*.vsp
+*.vspx
+*.sap
+
+# Visual Studio Trace Files
+*.e2e
+
+# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
+$tf/
+
+# Guidance Automation Toolkit
+*.gpState
+
+# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
+_ReSharper*/
+*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
+*.DotSettings.user
+
+# TeamCity is a build add-in
+_TeamCity*
+
+# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
+*.dotCover
+
+# AxoCover is a Code Coverage Tool
+.axoCover/*
+!.axoCover/settings.json
+
+# Coverlet is a free, cross platform Code Coverage Tool
+coverage*.json
+coverage*.xml
+coverage*.info
+
+# Visual Studio code coverage results
+*.coverage
+*.coveragexml
+
+# NCrunch
+_NCrunch_*
+.*crunch*.local.xml
+nCrunchTemp_*
+
+# MightyMoose
+*.mm.*
+AutoTest.Net/
+
+# Web workbench (sass)
+.sass-cache/
+
+# Installshield output folder
+[Ee]xpress/
+
+# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
+DocProject/buildhelp/
+DocProject/Help/*.HxT
+DocProject/Help/*.HxC
+DocProject/Help/*.hhc
+DocProject/Help/*.hhk
+DocProject/Help/*.hhp
+DocProject/Help/Html2
+DocProject/Help/html
+
+# Click-Once directory
+publish/
+
+# Publish Web Output
+*.[Pp]ublish.xml
+*.azurePubxml
+# Note: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings,
+# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
+*.pubxml
+*.publishproj
+
+# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
+# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
+# in these scripts will be unencrypted
+PublishScripts/
+
+# NuGet Packages
+*.nupkg
+# NuGet Symbol Packages
+*.snupkg
+# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
+**/[Pp]ackages/*
+# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
+!**/[Pp]ackages/build/
+# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
+#!**/[Pp]ackages/repositories.config
+# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
+*.nuget.props
+*.nuget.targets
+
+# Microsoft Azure Build Output
+csx/
+*.build.csdef
+
+# Microsoft Azure Emulator
+ecf/
+rcf/
+
+# Windows Store app package directories and files
+AppPackages/
+BundleArtifacts/
+Package.StoreAssociation.xml
+_pkginfo.txt
+*.appx
+*.appxbundle
+*.appxupload
+
+# Visual Studio cache files
+# files ending in .cache can be ignored
+*.[Cc]ache
+# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
+!?*.[Cc]ache/
+
+# Others
+ClientBin/
+~$*
+*~
+*.dbmdl
+*.dbproj.schemaview
+*.jfm
+*.pfx
+*.publishsettings
+orleans.codegen.cs
+
+# Including strong name files can present a security risk
+# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/2483#issue-259490424)
+#*.snk
+
+# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
+# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
+#bower_components/
+
+# RIA/Silverlight projects
+Generated_Code/
+
+# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
+# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
+# because we have git ;-)
+_UpgradeReport_Files/
+Backup*/
+UpgradeLog*.XML
+UpgradeLog*.htm
+ServiceFabricBackup/
+*.rptproj.bak
+
+# SQL Server files
+*.mdf
+*.ldf
+*.ndf
+
+# Business Intelligence projects
+*.rdl.data
+*.bim.layout
+*.bim_*.settings
+*.rptproj.rsuser
+*- [Bb]ackup.rdl
+*- [Bb]ackup ([0-9]).rdl
+*- [Bb]ackup ([0-9][0-9]).rdl
+
+# Microsoft Fakes
+FakesAssemblies/
+
+# GhostDoc plugin setting file
+*.GhostDoc.xml
+
+# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
+.ntvs_analysis.dat
+node_modules/
+
+# Visual Studio 6 build log
+*.plg
+
+# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
+*.opt
+
+# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
+*.vbw
+
+# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
+**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
+**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
+_Pvt_Extensions
+
+# Paket dependency manager
+.paket/paket.exe
+paket-files/
+
+# FAKE - F# Make
+.fake/
+
+# CodeRush personal settings
+.cr/personal
+
+# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+
+# Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
+# tools/**
+# !tools/packages.config
+
+# Tabs Studio
+*.tss
+
+# Telerik's JustMock configuration file
+*.jmconfig
+
+# BizTalk build output
+*.btp.cs
+*.btm.cs
+*.odx.cs
+*.xsd.cs
+
+# OpenCover UI analysis results
+OpenCover/
+
+# Azure Stream Analytics local run output
+ASALocalRun/
+
+# MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
+*.binlog
+
+# NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
+*.nvuser
+
+# MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder
+.mfractor/
+
+# Local History for Visual Studio
+.localhistory/
+
+# BeatPulse healthcheck temp database
+healthchecksdb
+
+# Backup folder for Package Reference Convert tool in Visual Studio 2017
+MigrationBackup/
+
+# Ionide (cross platform F# VS Code tools) working folder
+.ionide/
+
+# Fody - auto-generated XML schema
+FodyWeavers.xsd

DynamicContainer.cs

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+namespace Prac7Meow
+{
+    internal class DynamicContainer<Meow>
+    {
+        private Meow[] _data;
+        private int _count;
+        private int _capacity;
+
+        public int Count => _count;
+        public int Capacity => _capacity;
+
+        public DynamicContainer(int initCap)
+        {
+            if (initCap < 1) initCap = 2;
+
+            _capacity = Utils.NearPow(initCap);
+            _data = new Meow[_capacity];
+            _count = 0;
+        }
+
+        private void Expand()
+        {
+            _capacity = (_capacity <= 0) ? 2 : _capacity * 2;
+
+            Meow[] data = new Meow[_capacity];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _count; i++) data[i] = _data[i];
+
+            _data = data;
+        }
+
+        private void EnsureCapacity(int needed)
+        {
+            if (needed <= _capacity) return;
+
+            while (_capacity < needed) Expand();
+        }
+
+        public void Add(Meow item)
+        {
+            EnsureCapacity(_count + 1);
+            _data[_count++] = item;
+        }
+
+        public void Insert(int index, Meow item)
+        {
+            if (index < 0 || index > _count) 
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), $"Index {index} out of range [0..{_count}]");
+
+            EnsureCapacity(_count + 1);
+
+            for (int i = _count; i > index; i--) _data[i] = _data[i - 1];
+
+            _data[index] = item;
+            _count++;
+        }
+
+        public void RemoveAt(int index)
+        {
+            if (index < 0 || index >= _count)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), $"Index {index} out of range [0..{_count - 1}]");
+
+            for (int i = index; i < _count - 1; i++) _data[i] = _data[i + 1];
+
+            _data[_count - 1] = default!;
+            _count--;
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < _count; i++)
+                _data[i] = default!;
+
+            _count = 0;
+        }
+
+        public Meow this[int index]
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (index < 0 || index >= _count)
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), $"Index {index} out of range [0..{_count - 1}]");
+
+                return _data[index];
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                if (index < 0 || index >= _count)
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), $"Index {index} out of range [0..{_count - 1}]");
+
+                _data[index] = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Letter.cs

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+namespace Prac7Meow
+{
+    internal class Letter
+    {
+        public int Number { get; }
+        public string Sender { get; }
+        public string Recipient { get; }
+        public double Weight { get; }
+        public int TermDays { get; }
+
+        public Letter(int number, string sender, string recipient, double weight, int termDays)
+        {
+            if (number <= 0)                          throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException( nameof(number),             "Number must be > 0"   );
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sender))    throw new ArgumentException(           "Sender can't be empty",    nameof(sender)         );
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(recipient)) throw new ArgumentException(           "Recipient can't be empty", nameof(recipient)      );
+            if (weight <= 0)                          throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException( nameof(weight),             "Weight must be > 0"   );
+            if (termDays <= 0)                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException( nameof(termDays),           "TermDays must be > 0" );
+
+            Number    = number;
+            Sender    = sender;
+            Recipient = recipient;
+            Weight    = weight;
+            TermDays  = termDays;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString() => $"Письмо #{Number}: {Sender} -> {Recipient}, {Weight:F1} г, срок {TermDays} дн.";
+    }
+}

Prac7Meow.csproj

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+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>

Prac7Meow.sln

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+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.14.36429.23 d17.14
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Prac7Meow", "Prac7Meow.csproj", "{C439864F-5B5E-49E6-A953-E136EDE41486}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{C439864F-5B5E-49E6-A953-E136EDE41486}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{C439864F-5B5E-49E6-A953-E136EDE41486}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{C439864F-5B5E-49E6-A953-E136EDE41486}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{C439864F-5B5E-49E6-A953-E136EDE41486}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {1AC9FFB3-FD73-431C-A59C-93E9130CBEB2}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

Program.cs

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+namespace Prac7Meow
+{
+    internal class Program
+    {
+        static void Main()
+        {
+            var letters = new DynamicContainer<Letter>(3);
+
+            for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)
+                letters.Add(new Letter(i, $"Отправитель {i}", $"Получатель {i}", 10 + (i % 20), 1 + (i % 14)));
+
+            Console.WriteLine(letters[0]);
+            Console.WriteLine(letters[500]);
+            Console.WriteLine(letters[999]);
+
+            letters.Insert(0, new Letter(2001, "Главпочтамт", "VIP", 55.5, 2));
+            Console.WriteLine(letters[0]);
+            letters.RemoveAt(0);
+            Console.WriteLine(letters[0]);
+
+            try { Console.WriteLine(letters[1000]); }
+            catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException) { Console.WriteLine("Индекс 1000 некорректен -> ArgumentOutOfRangeException"); }
+        }
+    }
+}

Utils.cs

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+namespace Prac7Meow
+{
+    internal class Utils
+    {
+        public static int NearPow(int n)
+        { 
+            if (n == 0) return 0;
+            if (n <= 2) return 2;
+
+            uint val = (uint)n;
+
+            val--;
+            val |= val >> 1;
+            val |= val >> 2;
+            val |= val >> 4;
+            val |= val >> 8;
+            val |= val >> 16;
+            val++;
+
+            if (val == 0) throw new OverflowException("Requested capacity is too large for int.");
+
+            return (int)val;
+        }
+    }
+}